本文共 5649 字，大约阅读时间需要 18 分钟。
一、创建一个VotingSystem项目以及polls应用
| 1 2 3 | $ django - admin.py startproject VotingSystem $ cd VotingSystem $ python3 manage.py startapp polls |
注：如果使用Pycharm来创建的话，以上两步都可以省略
二、配置tempaltes路径（如果没有）
a. 先在VotingSystem项目目录下新建一个templates文件夹，注意文件夹权限和属组
| 1 | $ sudo mkdir templates |
b. 然后再setting.py文件中添加路径
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | TEMPLATES = [ { ... 'DIRS' : [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates' )] ... }, ] |
三、将应用名称添加到setting.py文件INSTALLED_APPS选项末尾（如果没有）
| 1 2 3 4 | INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'polls' , ] |
注：以上两步如果用Pycharm都可以一步到位
四、编辑polls/model.py，创建数据库模型
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | from django.db import models # 问题 class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) # 双引号中定义的是在admin页面显示的verbose_name pub_date = models.DateTimeField( "date published" ) def __str__( self ): return self .question_text # 问题选项 class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey( "Question" ) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length = 200 ) votes = models.IntegerField(default = 0 ) def __str__( self ): return self .choice_text |
五、同步数据库，生成数据库表（这里使用的是默认的sqlite3）
| 1 2 | $ python3 manage.py makemigrations $ python3 manage.py migrate |
六、生成admin管理账户
| 1 | $ python3 manage.py createsuperuser |
七、将model注册到admin中
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | from django.contrib import admin from .models import * class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Choice extra = 3 # 在admin页面显示额外三个空白表单 class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = [ ( None , { 'fields' : [ 'question_text' ]}), ( 'Date information' , { 'fields' : [ 'pub_date' ], 'classes' : [ 'collapse' ]}), ] inlines = [ChoiceInline,] # 在admin页面显示内联 list_display = ( 'question_text' , 'pub_date' ) admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin) admin.site.register(Choice) |
八、启动server，进入admin页面，创建一些问题和选项
| 1 | $ python3 manage.py runserver |
九、编辑VotingSystem/urls.py，使用路由分发和命名空间
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r '^admin/' , admin.site.urls), url(r '^polls/' , include( "polls.urls" , namespace = "polls" )), ] |
十、编辑polls/urls.py
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | from django.conf.urls import url from polls import views urlpatterns = [ url(r '^$' , views.index, name = "index" ), url(r '^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$' , views.detail, name = "detail" ), url(r '^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$' , views.results, name = "results" ), url(r '^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$' , views.vote, name = "vote" ), ] |
十一、编辑polls/views.py视图文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, HttpResponseRedirect, reverse, redirect from .models import * # 首页，展示所有问题 def index(req): lastest_question_list = Question.objects. all () return render(req, "polls/index.html" , locals ()) # 展示单个问题的所有选项 def detail(req, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk = question_id) return render(req, "polls/detail.html" , locals ()) # 查看投票结果， def results(req, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk = question_id) return render(req, "polls/results.html" , locals ()) # 选择投票，设置cookie验证 def vote(req, question_id): p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk = question_id) if req.COOKIES.get( "is_vote" , None ): return render(req, "polls/detail.html" , { "question" : p, "error_message" : "你已经投过票了!" }) try : selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk = req.POST[ 'choice' ]) except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist): return render(req, "polls/detail.html" , { "question" : p, "error_message" : "You did't select a choice" }) else : selected_choice.votes + = 1 selected_choice.save() rep = redirect(reverse( "polls:results" , args = (p. id ,))) rep.set_cookie( "is_vote" , True ) return rep |
十二、在templates目录下创建polls目录，在polls目录下创建index.html detail.html results.html三个HTML文件
index.html:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | <!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > </ head > < body > {% if lastest_question_list %} < ul > {% for question in lastest_question_list %} < li >< a href = "{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}" >{ { question.question_text }}</ a ></ li > {% endfor %} </ ul > {% else %} < p >No polls are avaiable.</ p > {% endif %} </ body > </ html > |
detail.html:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | <!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >{ { question.question_text }}</ h1 > {% if error_message %} < p >< strong >{ { error_message }}</ strong ></ p > {% endif %} < form action = "{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method = "post" > {% csrf_token %} {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} < input type = "radio" name = "choice" id = "choice{ { forloop.counter }}" value = "{ { choice.id }}" /> < label for = "choice{ { forloop.counter }}" >{ { choice.choice_text }}</ label >< br /> {% endfor %} < input type = "submit" value = "提交" /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
results.html:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | <!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >{ { question.question_text }}</ h1 > < ul > {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} < li > { { choice.choice_text }} --> { { choice.votes }} vote{ { choice.votes|pluralize }} </ li > {% endfor %} </ ul > < a href = "{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}" >再次投票</ a > < a href = "{% url 'polls:index' %}" >返回首页</ a > </ body > </ html > |
十三、至此我们所有配置都已经配置完毕了，马上运行server，进行访问吧
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/
十四、githup源码地址:
本文转自戴柏阳的博客博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/daibaiyang119/1971005如需转载请自行联系原作者
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